Selection of Ventilation Equipment for Grain Steel Silo

A scientifically sound selection of ventilation equipment for grain steel silo can reduce grain - loss rates to below 2% and cut energy consumption by 30% - 50%. This article delves into the key decision - making points for equipment selection, from fan matching and duct optimization to intelligent control.

Fan Selection

Axial - Flow Fan vs. Centrifugal Fan

The primary task in selection of ventilation equipment for grain steel silo is to match the fan type:

Axial - flow fans: Suitable for shallow silos (height ≤12m) and low - resistance scenarios, with airflow ranges of 8000 - 25000m³/h and energy consumption of 0.8 - 1.2kW·h/t.

Centrifugal fans: Designed for deep silos (height 15 - 30m), with air pressure reaching 3000 - 5000Pa. They address the issue of insufficient ventilation penetration in high grain piles, but energy consumption increases to 1.5 - 2.0kW·h/t.

Duct Layout

Comparison of "Non" - shaped and Circular Layouts

"Non" - shaped layout: The main duct is centrally located, with symmetrical branch ducts. It is suitable for small - and medium - sized silos with a diameter of ≤15m, controlling dead - zone rates to 3% - 5%.

Circular layout: A closed - loop duct is laid along the silo wall, with radial branch pipes at the center. It is suitable for large silos with a diameter of over 20m, with wind - speed deviations of ≤10% in each grain - pile layer.

Key Points for Duct Parameter Design

Duct diameter: Main duct Φ500 - 800mm, branch pipes Φ200 - 300mm, with wind speed controlled at 8 - 12m/s.

Perforation rate calculation: Branch pipe perforation rate of 8% - 12% (hole diameter 3 - 5mm), ensuring ventilation volume per unit area is ≥0.15m³/(s·m²).

Intelligent Control System

IoT Terminal Function Upgrade

The selection of ventilation equipment for grain steel silo must incorporate intelligent control modules:

Multi - parameter monitoring: Real - time collection of 12 data points such as grain temperature, humidity, and CO₂ concentration, automatically generating ventilation decision - making suggestions.

Energy - efficiency dashboard: Statistics on fan operating time and energy consumption per ton of grain, comparing industry benchmark values to highlight optimization potential.

Adaptive Operation Logic

Intelligent start - stop: Automatically triggers ventilation when grain - temperature gradient ≥5℃/m or local moisture difference >1.5%.

Night - time priority: Linked with grid - load data, it automatically selects low - tariff periods for operation, reducing electricity costs by 30%.s.